Acid and Base Organic

Organic acids
are organic compounds that have a degree of acidity (English: acidic properties). The most common organic acids are the alkanoic acid having acidity with carboxyl-COOH, stability in acid groups is very important and determines the degree of acidity of a compound organik.Contoh compound are: lactic acid, acetic acid, formic acid, citric acid and oxalic acid.
Lactic Acid(IUPAC Name: 2-hidroksipropanoat acid (CH3-CHOH-COOH), also known as milk acid) is a chemical important in several biochemical processes. A Swedish chemist, Carl Wilhelm Scheele, first isolate it in 1780. Structurally, it is a carboxylic acid with a cluster [hydroxyl] attached to the guguskarboksil. In water, it dissolves weak and release protons (H +), forming lactate ions.

This acid is also soluble in alcohol and is absorbing water (hygroscopic). Lactic acid bacteria is a type of bacteria that can produce lactic acid, hydrogen peroxide, antimicrobial and other metabolic outcomes that provide a positive influence on the productivity of livestock. The term lactic acid bacteria (LAB) originally intended only untuksekelompok bacteria that causes acidity in milk (milk-souring organisms).

BAL is generally defined as a group of gram-positive bacteria, does not produce spores, round or rod that produces lactic acid as the major metabolic end product during the fermentation of carbohydrates. BAL grouped into several genera such as Streptococcus (including Lactococcus), Leuconostoc, PediococcusLactobacillus.
Acetic acid
 ethanoic acid or acetic acid is an organic acid chemical compounds known as sour flavoring and aroma in food. Acetic acid has the empirical formula C2H4O2. This formula is often written in the form of CH3-COOH, CH3COOH, or CH3CO2H. Pure acetic acid (called glacial acetic acid) is a colorless hygroscopic liquid, and has a freezing point of 16.7 ° C.

Acetic acid is one of the simplest carboxylic acids, as formic acid. Solution of acetic acid in water is a weak acid, meaning that only partially dissociate into H + and CH3COO-. Acetic acid is a chemical reagent and industrial raw materials is important. Acetic acid is used in the production of polymers such as polyethylene terephthalate, cellulose acetate and polyvinyl acetate, as well as a wide range of fibers and

fabric. In the food industry, acetic acid is used as an acidity regulator. In households, diluted acetic acid is often used as a water softener. Within a year, world demand for acetic acid to 6.5 million tons per year. 1.5 million tons per year generated from the recycling, the remainder derived from the petrochemical industry as well as from biological sources.

Formic acid

 (Systematic name: metanoat acid) is the simplest carboxylic acid. Formic acid is naturally present in, among others sengatlebah and ants. Formic acid is also an intermediate compound (intermediate) are important in many sintesiskimia. The formula can be written as formic acid HCOOH or CH2O2.

In nature, formic acid found in many insect stings and bites from ordoHymenoptera, such as bees and ants. Formic acid is also a significant combustion of alternative fuels, the burning methanol (and ethanol were mixed with water), when mixed with gasoline.

 Name of formic acid derived from the word meaning Latinformica ants. At first, this compound was isolated by distillation of ants. Formic acid derivatives of chemical compounds, such as salt and ester groups, called format or metanoat. Ion format has a chemical formula HCOO-.

Citric acid

asamorganiklemah is found in the leaves and fruits of plants of the genus Citrus (orange-jerukan). This compound is a good preservative and natural, but used as a flavor enhancer sour on food and soft drinks. In biochemistry, citric acid is known as an intermediate in the citric acid cycle occurs in the mitochondria, the cells of eukaryotes, the citric acid cycle occurs in the mitochondria, the cycle is part of the metabolic pathways that play a role in the chemical conversion of carbohydrates, fats and proteins - a carbon dioxide, water, in order to generate a form of usable energy that is important in life metabolismemakhluk.

 This substance can also be used as an environmentally friendly cleaning agent and as an antioxidant.Citric acid is found in many fruits and vegetables, but has been found at high concentrations, which can reach 8% dry weight, the lemon and lime juice (such as lemon and lime).Citric acid is the chemical formula C6H8O7 (structure shown in the tables of information on the right). Acid structure is reflected in its name IUPAC acid, 2-hydroxy-1 ,2,3-propanatrikarboksilat.

Oxalic Acidis a chemical compound with the formula H2C2O4 with systematic name etanadioat acid. The simplest dicarboxylic acid is commonly described by the formula HOOC-COOH.Is a relatively strong organic acid, 10,000 times stronger than acetic acid.

In-anion, known as oxalate, also pereduktor agent.Many metal ions form insoluble precipitate with oxalic acid, the best example is calcium oxalate (CaOOC-COOCa), the main constituent types of kidney stones are often found.

Organic Bases
    Amina is an organic compound containing trivalent nitrogen atoms, which are attached to one or more carbon atoms: RNH ₂, R ₂ NH, R ₃ N. Amines are organic compounds and functional groups that contain dasarnitrogenatom with a lone pair. Amina is a derivative of ammonia, wherein one or more hydrogen atoms have been replaced by a substituent such as alkyl amines or important aril.kelompok including amino acids, biogenic amines, trimethylamine, and aniline.
In addition, a number of amines have physiologic activity (physiological), such as ephedrine efficacious as a laxative sputum, meskalina which can lead a person to hallucinate, and amphetamines that have stimulant effects. Aromatic amines have the nitrogen atom connected to an aromatic ring as in anilines.
Aromatic ring reduces the alkalinity of the amine, depending on its substituents. The presence of amine groups greatly enhance the reactivity of the aromatic ring, because the electron-donating effect. In water solution, an amine is a weak base and accept a proton from water in an acid base reaction reversible.sifat same structural properties that affect relatively strong acids from carboxylic acids and phenols are also strong bases relative influence of the amine.
   1. If the free amine stabilized relative to the cation, the amine is a weaker base.
   2. If the cation is stabilized relative to its free amine, the amine is a stronger base.Ä Dyes
            primary aromatic amines are used as raw materials for the production of azo dyes It reacts with nitric (III) acid to form diazonium salt, which can undergo coupling reaction to form azo compounds.
 Ä Drug
            Many drugs are designed to mimic or interfere with the action of natural amine neurotransmitters, exemplified by the amine drugs:1. Chlorpheniramine is an antihistamine that helps to relieve allergic disorders due to cold, fever, itchy skin, insect bites and stings.2. Chlorpromazine is a tranquillizer that sedates without inducing sleep. It is used to relieve anxiety, excitement, restlessness or even mental disorder.