Petroleum
Petroleum is usually located 3-4 km below the surface. To take the oil we have to make boreholes that had been adjusted depth. Crude oil gained tangker accommodated in the ship or supplied to the refinery by using a pipe. Crude oil that had been obtained can not be used as a fuel or other purposes. Crude oil must be processed first. Crude oil contains about 500 types of hydrocarbons by the number of atoms C-1 to C-50. Petroleum processing through distillation storey, where crude oil is separated into groups with similar boiling points. This is done because the boiling point hydrocarbons increases with the carbon atoms (C) in the molecule.
At first, Crude oil is heated at a temperature of about 400C. After heated later in the stream to the tower fractionation / distillation
DestilasiMenara distillation tower
Dimenara is a process of distillation. Namely the separation solution using heat as a separator. The main requirement is that the distillation process is the difference in composition between the liquid phase and vapor phase. Thus, if the composition of the liquid phase and vapor alike face the distillation process is not possible. The process of distillation in petroleum refineries is the primary processing of physics as the beginning of the process of producing the fuel (fuel oil).
scheme petroleum refinery distillation tower
Refining scheme
Crude oil is the result of drilling in the stream to the ship tangker and then distributed to the refinery. This is where the process of distillation which has been in jalaskan above. First, Crude heated to a temperature of about 400 degrees C. Components of a higher boiling point will remain a liquid and will flow down to the bottom, while the boiling point will evaporate more randah rise up through the containment lid-lid-called bubble. Getting up the temperature in the fractionation tower was getting low. Thus, each time the component with a higher boiling point rise, it will condense and separate, while the components with a lower boiling point will continue to rise into the upper part again. So it went on, so the above components in the form of gas. Components in the form of gas is called petroleum gas. Then the liquefied petroleum gas and dikelan as LPG (Liquefied Petroleum Gas).
The results of refined petroleum
Of the scheme on the previous page we can see the results from the distillation of crude oil. Diatnaranya namely:
# LPG
Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) with Pertamina ELPIJI brand, is the result of gas production from refineries (refinery fuel) and gas refinery, which is the main component of propane (C3H8) and butane (C4H10) approximately 99% and the rest is gas pentane ( C5H12) were thawed
# Aviation fuel
One aviation fuel aviation fuel which is used as fuel persawat fly.
# Gasoline
Gasoline is a fuel transport still plays an important role to date. Gasoline containing more than 500 types of hydrocarbons having chain C5-C10. Levels vary depending on the composition of the crude oil and desired quality.
# Kerosene (kerosene)
Hydrocarbon fuels obtained as petroleum distillates with a higher boiling point than gasoline; kerosene; patra oil.
# Solar
Diesel, inIndonesia
# Lubricants
Lubricants are chemical substances, which are generally fluid, which was given between two moving objects to reduce friction. Lubricant serves as a protective layer that separates the two surfaces touch
# Candle
Candle is a light source consisting of a wick covered by solid fuel. The fuel used is paraffin
# Oil fuels
Fuel oil is distilled from petroleum refining but has not yet formed the final residue of the refining process itself. Usually the color of oil is black chrome. Besides oil more dense than diesel oil
# Asphalt
Asphalt is the material that is attached to the hydro carbon (adhesive), brownish-black, water resistant, and visoelastis. Asphalt is often called bitumen binder in asphalt mixture
The negative impact of the use of petroleum
1. Air Pollution
Decline in air quality due to the waste from the use of petroleum
2. Climate change
The use of petroleum will produce the waste in the form of CO2 ¬. Gas can cause the greenhouse effect in the earth so that there are now global warming is happening. Global warming is exactly what caused climate change in various world balahan
3. Water pollution
Exploitation of oil earth using tangker ship, did not rule out the existence of a leak in the ship tangker. Because the ship was leaking tangker, the crude oil is inside will come out and fall keair causing water
Petroleum is usually located 3-4 km below the surface. To take the oil we have to make boreholes that had been adjusted depth. Crude oil gained tangker accommodated in the ship or supplied to the refinery by using a pipe. Crude oil that had been obtained can not be used as a fuel or other purposes. Crude oil must be processed first. Crude oil contains about 500 types of hydrocarbons by the number of atoms C-1 to C-50. Petroleum processing through distillation storey, where crude oil is separated into groups with similar boiling points. This is done because the boiling point hydrocarbons increases with the carbon atoms (C) in the molecule.
At first, Crude oil is heated at a temperature of about 400C. After heated later in the stream to the tower fractionation / distillation
DestilasiMenara distillation tower
Dimenara is a process of distillation. Namely the separation solution using heat as a separator. The main requirement is that the distillation process is the difference in composition between the liquid phase and vapor phase. Thus, if the composition of the liquid phase and vapor alike face the distillation process is not possible. The process of distillation in petroleum refineries is the primary processing of physics as the beginning of the process of producing the fuel (fuel oil).
scheme petroleum refinery distillation tower
Refining scheme
Crude oil is the result of drilling in the stream to the ship tangker and then distributed to the refinery. This is where the process of distillation which has been in jalaskan above. First, Crude heated to a temperature of about 400 degrees C. Components of a higher boiling point will remain a liquid and will flow down to the bottom, while the boiling point will evaporate more randah rise up through the containment lid-lid-called bubble. Getting up the temperature in the fractionation tower was getting low. Thus, each time the component with a higher boiling point rise, it will condense and separate, while the components with a lower boiling point will continue to rise into the upper part again. So it went on, so the above components in the form of gas. Components in the form of gas is called petroleum gas. Then the liquefied petroleum gas and dikelan as LPG (Liquefied Petroleum Gas).
The results of refined petroleum
Of the scheme on the previous page we can see the results from the distillation of crude oil. Diatnaranya namely:
# LPG
Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) with Pertamina ELPIJI brand, is the result of gas production from refineries (refinery fuel) and gas refinery, which is the main component of propane (C3H8) and butane (C4H10) approximately 99% and the rest is gas pentane ( C5H12) were thawed
# Aviation fuel
One aviation fuel aviation fuel which is used as fuel persawat fly.
# Gasoline
Gasoline is a fuel transport still plays an important role to date. Gasoline containing more than 500 types of hydrocarbons having chain C5-C10. Levels vary depending on the composition of the crude oil and desired quality.
# Kerosene (kerosene)
Hydrocarbon fuels obtained as petroleum distillates with a higher boiling point than gasoline; kerosene; patra oil.
# Solar
Diesel, in
# Lubricants
Lubricants are chemical substances, which are generally fluid, which was given between two moving objects to reduce friction. Lubricant serves as a protective layer that separates the two surfaces touch
# Candle
Candle is a light source consisting of a wick covered by solid fuel. The fuel used is paraffin
# Oil fuels
Fuel oil is distilled from petroleum refining but has not yet formed the final residue of the refining process itself. Usually the color of oil is black chrome. Besides oil more dense than diesel oil
# Asphalt
Asphalt is the material that is attached to the hydro carbon (adhesive), brownish-black, water resistant, and visoelastis. Asphalt is often called bitumen binder in asphalt mixture
The negative impact of the use of petroleum
1. Air Pollution
Decline in air quality due to the waste from the use of petroleum
2. Climate change
The use of petroleum will produce the waste in the form of CO2 ¬. Gas can cause the greenhouse effect in the earth so that there are now global warming is happening. Global warming is exactly what caused climate change in various world balahan
3. Water pollution
Exploitation of oil earth using tangker ship, did not rule out the existence of a leak in the ship tangker. Because the ship was leaking tangker, the crude oil is inside will come out and fall keair causing water
pollution.
- some people use to used the kerosene in traditional medicine , especially when having the stomachache and then they smear it around it . but whether there will be a negative impact if used it continuously?
Son..help me to answer this question please.. :)
BalasHapusFirst Why molecule methyl butyrate (CH3CH2CH2C = OCH3) smelled like apples while molecular propyl acetate (CH3C = OCH2CH2CH3) containing atoms of the same smells like peaches. Explain this fact! then….
One of the properties is the lack of alkane solution in water. It deals with the interactions between the molecules. When the oil tanker Exxon Valdez ruptured near the coast of Alaska, oil (mostly consisting of Alkanes) spill was not soluble in water but float on the surface. Explain this fact from the interaction between molecules and molecular properties of alkanes and water!
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son i want to ask you about petroleum.
BalasHapuspetroleum is a natural resource that can not be updated, means a definite time oil runs out. If you run out the source of energy for life would be endangered. and how to overcome these shortages?