ANSWERS FOR MID TEST

Name :                                 M.K.SONI HATMOKO

NIM    :                  RSA1C111003

PRODI :                 KIMIA PGSBI

1.      1A. Explain hoe the concepr of organic compounds from petroleum can be used as a fuel for vehicles such as car , motor bike , including aricraft .

 B Explain it how the idea of chemical compounds of petroleum can be used to make clothing and plastic and materials needs of other human lives .

2.       2. Explain why the hydrocarbon asymetrical or chiral have a variety of benefit for human being . and describe how does it the chiral centers can be formed .

3.      3.  When ethylene gas produced from a ripe fruit can be used to ripe other fruits that are still unripe . how do you idea when the gas is used as fuel gas like methane gas.

4.       4. Aromatic compounds are marked by ease of adjacent electrons conjugated . please explain why an unsaturated compund which highly conjugated but is not aromatic ?

Answers :

1.

a. Crude oil must be processed first. Crude oil contains about 500 types of hydrocarbons with an atomic number of C-1 through C-50. Oil processing through distillation-rise, where crude oil is separated into groups with boiling sama.Pada first, crude oil is heated to a temperature of about 400C. After heated later in the river with fractionation tower / distillation. Dimenara is the process of distillation. That separation solution using heat as a separator. The main requirement is that the refining process is the difference in composition between the liquid phase and vapor phase. Thus, if the composition of the liquid phase and vapor both facing the refining process is not possible. The process of refining petroleum refinery is the primary processing of physics as the beginning of the process of production of fuel (BBM).

Petroleum fractions produced by certain boiling point ranges if the Gasoline (Petrol) carbon chain range: C6 to C11 Boiling Route: 50 to 85 ° C for motor fuels to meet the above requirements then the gasoline refined further processing to be done by increasing the octane rating (the process of reforming and addition of adif TEL) and reduce sulfur content by adding sodium plumbit Na2PbO2 (the doctor). ago on Aviation turbine fuel (Avtur) (aviation fuel; jet fuel): Fuel for aircraft turbine gas; kind of a stretch kerosene boiling range from 150 degrees-250 degrees Celsius

b.   In addition to fuel, oil can also be used as a base for the manufacture of other products. For example, plastics, explosives, detergents, nylon, urea, and methanol. The products of petroleum are called petrochemicals. A petrochemical industry can be made ​​of a compound of alkenes (olefins), benzene and its derivatives (aromatic), and synthetic gas. The raw material for the petrochemical industry are produced from fractions of petroleum processing results

1. process: the synthetic gas line with the formation of CO and H2 gas from natural gas feedstock / (CH4) to produce ammonia, methanol and crbon black. And to produce synthetic gas through 3 ways:

o steam reforming reaction to form ammonia that reaction takes place in the presence of Ni at a temperature of 1,400 - 1.600oF, at a pressure of 400-500 psi.

o stream reforming reaction on the formation of methanol, and how to produce it using 2 different processes, namely at high pressure and pressure renadah.

o partial oxidation reaction on the formation of synthesis gas, followed by pyrolysis reaction at a temperature of 1300-1500oC and pressure of 100-150 atm.

2. Path to the olefin-olefin gas Formatting (gas ethylene, propylene and butene / butadiene) is an unsaturated hydrocarbon compounds, which have open bonds are highly reactive, so it can easily polymerize with each other to form materials / polymer products. Olefin gas can be produced in 2 ways with the olefin feedstock naphtha and ethane feedstock.

3. Pathway is the formation of aromatic fractions of aromatic (benzene, and xylene toulena). Aromatic compounds is an unsaturated hydrocarbon chain having cyclically C atom bonding atoms form a bond between the C6-C8 are very reactive so it will be easy to react or polymerize with each other to form polymer products.

 

2.

If there are two pieces of the same atoms bonded to the carbon atom, the molecule will have a plane of symmetry (plane of symmetry). If you imagine cutting through the molecule, the right side will be the same with the left.

When four different atoms bonded to the atom. Not terdapatsimetri on molekul.karbon which four different atoms bonded referred to as the core / central carbon atom asimetri.Hanya chiral or chiral molecules have isomers optikal.Salah one enantiomer is the mirror image of the lain.Kedua enantiomer isomer (the original and its shadow) ruangyang have different structures and not the same molecule.

When achiral molecules (molecules that have a plane of symmetry) mirrored, you can get the reflection is simply by turning the initial molecule. Resulting in two identical molecules.

Because he was able to bind to four different atoms bonded, because the atoms that bound perbedaab that's what can drag-atrom other atoms until she has many benefits for humans.

3.

As we know Ethylene is a growth hormone that is produced from normal metabolism in fruit packed in immature fruit for transport dealers. Once up to trade, the fruit is given ethylene (brooded) so quickly masak.Dalam fruit ripening, ethylene working to solve the chlorophyll in young fruit, so the fruit has only xantofil and carotene. Thus, the color becomes orange or red fruit

But gas is essentially methane Methane is the simplest hydrocarbon with gaseous chemical formula CH4. Pure methane is odorless, but if used for commercial purposes, usually add a little sulfur smell to detect possible leaks. As the main component of natural gas, methane is the primary fuel source. So methane can not help cook the fruit-buahab like ethylene. because of its differences make a difference usefulness.

4.

as we all know In organic chemistry, Rules Hückel determine planar ring molecules which have the hydrogenation of alkenes Data aromatikDari aromatic compounds more stable than expected, the stability of the "extra" is caused by a cloud of delocalized electrons, called resonance energy. on - unsaturated aliphatic compounds are aliphatic compounds, varying chain C double bond or triple up cause it can not be aromatic aromatics because he had Configurations 6 carbon atoms in aromatic compounds and must be a cyclic and planar